volume-14-number-1

Using logistic and hierarchical regression analysis (N=798), the present study explored the relationship between civic participation and daet-geul, the online comments posted under online news articles as well as comments underneath other comments. Our analyses showed that individuals’ online media use (two types of online news use and online community use) principally predicted two types of daet-geul behavior. Also, writing daet-geul behavior increased the level of individuals’ community participation, whereas reading daet-geul has no effect on either political participation or community participation. The results also indicated that civic attitudes (trust in community, trust in individuals, and tolerance) significantly enhanced civic and political participation, but those effects on each kind of participation were varied. The implications and limitations of the study were also discussed.

Keywords: Civic Engagement, Daet-geul, Online Media Use, Online Comment, Civic Attitude

This paper presents a Deleuzian re-thinking of the three EDSA Revolutions in the Philippines. Its frame is limited to contemporary and critical studies found in books, journals, and newspapers. Initially, I elucidate the nature of 1986 EDSA I Revolution, to be followed by an articulation of the concepts of assemblage and difference for a re-con guration of the 1986 revolution. I highlight and explain how the Epifanio Delos Santos Avenue (EDSA) trans gured into an arena of collective and dynamic action of various assemblagic relations. The rhizomic interaction of heterogeneous forces in the said highway undeniably exterminated the privileging of numerous traditional representations in the Philippine society. Furthermore, I explain the transition from the EDSA I revolution going to the EDSA II with a principal thrust on the principle of the eternal return as the return of the different, and the paradoxical ever-recurrence of political tyranny. Lastly, I explicate the narrative on how the Filipino assemblage is always caught in the web of ressentiment and identity, based from the EDSA I, II, and III. Due to these degenerate consequences, this essay recommends the conception of a new brand of revolution that is critical of molar and fascist political representations―the possibility of becoming-revolutionary today.

Keywords: Deleuze, EDSA revolution, despotism, assemblage, difference, eternal return, becomingrevolutionary

Record Philippine trade with the United States during the World War I period led to increased public revenue collection, which in turn influenced the revision of the country’s economic development program from a neoliberal to a state-led framework. After the end of war and the institution of “economic normalcy” in the United States, the state-led development framework in the Philippines came under serious scrutiny. Governor Leonard Wood’s administrative priority as part of his “reform” agenda was to reverse the state-led development framework back to the previous neoliberal policy. The reversal was vehemently opposed by influential Filipino leaders in government for political and economic reasons. The conflict over development policy reached its climax in 1923 when all the Filipino members of Wood’s cabinet resigned their positions in protest of the chief executive’s perceived obstinacy.

Keywords: state-led development, reform, recovery, U.S.-Philippines relations, World War