Fuzzy Logic-Based Load-Frequency Controller Using Arduino for Hybrid Off-Grid Pico-Hydropower Systems
Authors: Gilfred Allen M. Madrigal, Alona Jean B. Bayacan, Frederick Brando U. Castillo, Jan Arvin B. De Jesus, Joana Marie B. De Leon, Christian Neil R. Del Prado, Robelyn T. Oblea, Edmon O. Fernandez, Maria Victoria C. Padilla, and Lean Karlo S. Tolentino
Abstract
Hydroelectric power is one of the most abundant and efficient sources of renewable energy. Utilization of these resources by means of power generation is widespread around the globe as it provides sufficient amount of power at an environment-friendly cost. However, off-grid hydropower generation needs parameter regulations to ensure safety and standards of power production. Therefore, in this study, a load-frequency controller was designed based on fuzzy logic algorithm to regulate and maintain the load-frequency generated by this power system to 60 Hz with +/- 10% tolerance. Fuzzy Logic Algorithm is based on the degrees of truth rather than the Boolean or binary logic which is true/false or 1/0, which allows it as the more ideal to be used rather than the conventional PID algorithm in frequency control. Fuzzy set of rules are established to monitor the fluctuations. Arduino is used as the microcontroller which converts the commands for the servo motor to perform. It serves as the command center that navigates the servo motor for the control of the water flow whenever rising or dropping of load-frequency is detected. The servo motor then adjusts the valve to a certain degree to achieve the desired amount of load-frequency as set in the fuzzy rules. When the detected load-frequency is within its limits, the controller allows the servo motor to remain in its current position to maintain its produced power. The study proved that maintaining the required frequency of 60 Hz within 10% tolerance is necessary.