De La Salle University - Manila

Philippine Presidents

Scope Note:This webliography consists of selected biographical websites and web pages of Philippine presidents starting from Emilio Aguinaldo as president of the new Republic to Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, the 14th and present president of the Fifth Philippine Republic .

INTERNET RESOURCES

Emilio Aguinaldo (1869-1964)
http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm
[Retrieved November 06, 2007]

"Nominated president of the new republic after the Filipino declaration of independence in 1898, this site narrates the life of Emilio Aguinaldo as revolutionary leader of the Katipunan, his proclamation of war against the United States, until he took an oath of allegiance to the United States and later on was used by the Japanese as an anti-American tool when the Philippines was invaded by Japan in 1941."

http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/aguinaldo.html
[Retrieved November 04, 2007]

"Maintained by the Library of Congress, this site contains a brief account of Emilio Aguinaldo as a Rebel Leader of the Philippine Forces. Links to other related information are provided."

Manuel L Quezon (1935-1944).
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0840799.html
[Retrieved November 12, 2007]

Contains a brief story of Manuel L. Quezon from the time he joined (1899) Emilio Aguinaldo's insurrectionary army ( as a law student) and fought the U.S. forces until 1901 up to the time he was elected (1935) president of the new commonwealth.

http://www.angelfire.com/on/philpres/quezon.html
[Retrieved November 12, 2007]

Talks about Manuel L. Quezon's education, his major role in obtaining Congress' passage in 1916 of the Jones Act, which pledged independence for the Philippines, how he tackled the huge problem of landless peasants in the countryside. The site also tells how he formed a government in exile, served as a member of the Pacific War Council, signed the declaration of the United Nations against the Fascist nations.

Jose P. Laurel (1946-1945)
http://www.pangulo.ph/prexy_jpl.php
[Retrieved November 14, 2007]

This site contains information about President Laurel's family background, education, profession, previous positions, political party and post-presidential positions.

http://www.angelfire.com/on/philpres/laurel.html
[Retrieved November 12, 2007]

Includes a brief account of Jose P. Laurel's education, his presidency and election in senate in 1951 until he headed an economic mission in 1955 where he negotiated an agreement to improve economic relations with the United States.

Sergio Osmena (1944-1946)
http://philippines-archipelago.com/people/presidents/sergio_osmena.html
[Retrieved November 12, 2007]

This page covers information on his birth, education, government service and his presidential term.

http://www.angelfire.com/on/philpres/osmena.html
[Retrieved November 12, 2007]

Tells how President Sergio Osmena was elected to the first Philippine assembly, became its speaker (1907-1916), and later served as senator from Cebu. The site also covers an account of his political life including his role as the founder of the Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista) and president of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946.

Manuel Roxas y Acuna (1946-1948)
http://www.pangulo.ph/prexy_mr.php
[Retrieved November 12, 2007]

This article highlights Manuel Roxas' biography which includes his family, education, profession, previous positions, political parties and his cabinet and judicial appointments from 1946-48.

http://www.op.gov.ph/museum/pres_roxas.asp
[Retrieved November 12, 2007]

The page briefly provides information about President Roxas' life and political career from 1917 until his death in 1948.

Elpidio Quirino (1946-1948)
http://www.angelfire.com/on/philpres/quirino.html
[Retrieved November 13, 2007]

This site provides details on President Quirino's political activities from 1919 until his presidency in 1948. Cited in this page was his six years presidency which was marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general economic gains, and increased economic aid from the United States.

http://www.pangulo.ph/prexy_eq.php
[Retrieved November 13, 2007]

This site covers information about President Quirino's children, education and previous positions.

Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)
http://www.angelfire.com/on/philpres/magsaysay.html
[Retrieved November 13, 2007]

Describes President Magsaysay's term of office as president of the Philippines in four years. This page also discussed his role as a strong opponent of the Communist-led Huk guerrillas where he reorganized and strengthened the armed forces in a campaign to crush them.

http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Ramon-Magsaysay/ramon-magsaysay.htm
[Retrieved November 13, 2007]

Includes timeline link on the life and times of President Ramon Magsaysay (1907-1957), this site tells also tells how his life had great impact not only in his country but on many people in many lands and described him as one of the outstanding leaders of his time.

Carlos Polestico Garcia (1957-1961)
http://philippines-archipelago.com/people/presidents/carlos_p_garcia.html
[Retrieved November 13, 2007]

This site contains information about President's Garcia's education, political activities from being a governor, senator, vice president and Secretary of Foreign Affairs until he assumed the presidency.

http://www.op.gov.ph/museum/pres_garcia.asp
[Retrieved November 13, 2007]

Contains a brief account of President Garcia as Fourth President of the Third Republic of the Philippines (Term: March 18, 1957- December 30, 1961)

Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965)
http://www.macapagal.com/dm/
[Retrieved November 13, 2007]

This site contains significant links to both autobiography and biography of President Diosdado Macapagal. Included in the autobiography site are accounts on his family background and education such as career choice and preparation, significant career milestones, educational involvements and satisfaction. Further, his biography contains Macapagal's many achievements in improving the plight of the masses and of the poor.

http://www.op.gov.ph/museum/pres_macapagal.asp
[Retrieved November 14, 2007]

This page provides a lengthy account of President Diosdado Macapagal as the 9th President of the Philippines. (Term: December 30, 1961 - December 30, 1965). The page narrates how he was defeated in the 1965 elections by Ferdinand E. Marcos and also his participations in an effort to restore democracy to the Philippines.

Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1986)
http://www.bookrags.com/biography/ferdinand-marcos/
[Retrieved November 14, 2007]

From the Encyclopedia of World Biography on Ferdinand Marcos, this site covers pages describing President Ferdinand Edralin Marcos (1917-1989) career in politics.

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Lo-Ma/Marcos-Ferdinand.html
[Retrieved November 13, 2007]

This site describes the life of the late President Ferdinand Marcos as Filipino president and politician. It covers articles about his youth and family, wartime activities, political career, and his final years.

Corazon Aquino (1986-1992)
http://www.fulbright.org/prize/1996/aquino1.htm
[Retrieved November 14, 2007]

This Fulbright Association site for 1996 J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding contains a biography of Corazon C. Aquino. It also provides cross reference links to the following: Announcement of 1996 Prize Laureate, 1996 Fulbright Prize Address and Senator Lugar's Tribute to Aquino.

http://www.op.gov.ph/museum/pres_aquino.asp
[Retrieved November 14, 2007]

Contains information about President Corazon Aquino ass the Seventh and First Woman President of the Republic of the Philippines (Term: February 25, 1986- June 30, 1992). This site discusses her family background, education and term as president of the Philippines from 1986 until 1992.

Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998)
http://www.angelfire.com/on/philpres/ramos.html
[Retrieved November 14, 2007]

This site provides information about President Fidel V. Ramos, a Filipino soldier and politician, who was one of the leaders of the 1986 EDSA revolution in the Philippines that drove President Ferdinand Marcos from power. It gives an account of his political life and how his government successfully enacted economic liberalization measures, invigorating the Philippines' economy.

http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=4249
[Retrieved November 14, 2007]

This site describes how Fidel V. Ramos, the 12th President of the Republic of The Philippines (1992-1998), is remembered for steadfastly promoting the principles of people empowerment and global competitiveness. Includes information on how the Philippine economy recovered dramatically during the years 1993-1997.

Joseph Estrada(1998-2001)
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0261825/bio
[Retrieved November 14, 2007]

This site contains information about President Joseph Estrada's family and educational background. Its trivia includes his life as an actor and political career.

http://www.angelfire.com/on/philpres/estrada.html
[Retrieved November 14, 2007]

This page provides a brief account of President Joseph Estrada's political career which began in 1969. It also includes information how his popularity as an actor contributed to his convincing win in the vice-presidential election in 1992 and the May 1998 presidential elections.

Gloria Macapagal Aroyo(2001 - present)
http://www.op.gov.ph/biography.asp
[Retrieved November 14, 2007]

This is the homepage of the Office of the President of the Philippines. It is a searchable site, containing the biography of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and significant links to the following: the cabinet and other officials, newsroom, the SONA updates, the Malacanang Museum and the Presidential Management Staff. Also includes links to her accomplishments, initiatives and speeches.

http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~camiling/bio/gloria.htm
[Retrieved November 14, 2007]

This Biographies of Famous Kapampangan site contains a lengthy description of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's roots and political life. It provides accounts on her education and professional career.